The country table looks like ten different systems, but three patterns run through all of them. Learn the patterns and you can predict the tax on a market this guide does not list.
Serviced is taxed, bare is exempt
The core European rule. A villa let as a plain furnished property, keys and nothing more, is usually VAT-exempt. Add three or more hotel-style services, breakfast, regular cleaning, linen changes, a staffed reception, and it becomes parahôtellerie in France, a serviced let in Spain, a hotel-equivalent in Italy, and the accommodation VAT applies. A fully staffed estate almost always crosses the line.
The professional-operator threshold
Several countries only charge VAT once the operator is a business. Greece treats anyone letting three or more properties as professional, so agency stock carries 13 percent while a single owner may not. The UK charges 20 percent only above £90,000 of turnover, so a small owner is below it. Italy dropped its registration threshold to two properties from January 2026. The same villa can be taxed or not depending on who lets it.
The tourist tax is a second, separate line
VAT is not the only government charge. Most destinations add a tourist or occupancy tax on top: France's taxe de séjour, Italy's imposta di soggiorno, Greece's climate crisis resilience fee at €15 a night, Croatia's sojourn tax, and the United States' county occupancy taxes. They are small against the rate but real at checkout, and some are charged per person rather than per villa, so a large group pays more.
The direction of travel is toward more tax
Two changes worth knowing. Spain has legislated VAT on all short-term tourist rentals from July 2028, services or not, which will end the exemption for bare lets there. Italy's lower registration threshold from 2026 pulls more owners into the VAT net. Across Europe the clear trend is to tax short-term lets more heavily, so the exemptions in this guide are worth less each year.